天津市黄河医院清洁工职业危害及防护意识

Investigation on occupational hazards and awareness of protection among cleaners in Yellow River Hospital of Tianjin City

目的了解医院清洁工职业防护知识的知晓情况及对职业危害产生因素进行调查,为降低医院清洁工职业危害、提高个人防护意识、预防医院感染的发生提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对33名清洁工进行调查,现场发放问卷并收回。对采集的数据进行统计分析。结果调查的33人中参加岗前培训的29人(88%),未参加过培训的4人(12%);调查显示清洁工中对含氯消毒剂的常用浓度及监测方法只有9%的人熟知;锐器损伤后的处理方法仅有21%的人知晓;六步洗手法的标准操作仅有12%的人熟练掌握;仅有27%的人每年进行常规健康检查;半年中23人发生锐器损伤(70%),未发生10人(30%);锐器损伤共发生48人次,人均受伤1.45次,受伤次数最多的1人发生5次;初中以下文化程度的17人中15人发生锐器伤(88%);初中毕业及以上文化程度的16人中8人发生锐器伤(50%);发生锐器伤的均为女性,占女性人数的79.31%;发生锐器伤者平均工龄3 a,未发生者平均工龄8 a。结论目前医院不能做到对全体清洁工进行岗前培训,清洁工的个人卫生防护知识缺乏,清洁工锐器损伤发生率较高,医院清洁工是高风险职业。建议医疗管理部门应重视清洁工的医疗知识培训,强化其职业防护意识,降低职业暴露,预防院内感染的发生。

[ Objective]To understand the awareness of protection knowledge of cleaners, to investigate the generating factors of oc- cupational hazards, and provide scientific evidence for reducing occupational injuries, improving personal protection awareness, and preventing hospital Infection. [Methods] Self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate 33 cleaners, on-site releasing and recovering. The collected data were analyzed statistically. [ Results] Of 33 cleaners surveyed, 29{88% } had participated in pre- service training and 4{ 12% } had never been trained. The survey showed 9% knew the concentration of chlorine disinfectants com- monly used, only 21% knew treatment after sharps injuries, 12% knew the standard operation of six-step hand-washing method, only 27% had routine annual health examination; 23 {70% ）had sharp injuries in 6 months, 10 （30%） did not have, sharps inju- ries occurred on 48 people times, with I. 45 injured per capita, the highest number of injuries was 5 times on a person; 15（88%） out of 17 cleaners with educational level of secondary school or below had sharp injuries, 8 （ 50% ） out of 16 cleaners with education- al level of secondary school or above had sharp injuries; all the sharply injured were women, occupying 79.31% of female clean- ers ; the average service length of cleaners who were injured by sharps was 3 years, that of cleaners who had no sharp injury was 8 years. The incidence of sharp injury is high among cleaners; therefore, cleaners are high-risk occupations in hospital. [ Conclusion] At present, the hospital can not carry out pre-job training for all cleaners, cleaners are lack of personal hygiene pro- tection knowledge. Medical management department are suggested to pay more attention on medical knowledge training of cleaners, to strengthen their occupational protection awareness, to reduce occupational exposure, and prevent nosocomial infection.