某炭素公司工作场所职业病危害及控制措施分析

Analysis of occupation hazards and control measures in the workplace of carbon company

目的了解以超高功率石墨电极为主要产品的炭素公司职业卫生防护现状,掌握其工作场所职业病危害因素的种类、浓度(强度)及分布情况,提出职业病危害防护的对策及建议。方法按照国家有关标准的要求,对该企业进行一般劳动卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素识别和检测及卫生工程相关指标检测,对职业病危害因素超标原因进行分析。结果职业病危害因素检测结果显示:有46.7%的粉尘作业工种接触粉尘浓度超标;40%的噪声作业工种接触噪声等效声级超标;毒物检测结果除作业工人接触甲苯的短时间接触浓度超标外,其接触沥青烟、氟化物、二氧化硫和一氧化碳的浓度均符合国家职业接触限值;工频电场强度检测结果均未超过国家职业接触限值。建筑卫生学指标检测结果显示:部分工作场所温度较高,中心实验室通风情况不符合相关规范的要求。结论该企业工作场所各种职业病危害因素中,以粉尘和噪声超标最为严重;部分工作场所职业病危害控制措施效果不佳,粉尘、噪声和部分毒物的浓度或强度不能满足《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》的要求。

Objective To investigate occupational protection situation of the carbon company in which the ultra high pow- er graphite electrode was regarded as the main product, master the distribution of concentrations （or intensities） of occupa- tional hazards in the workplace, propose the countermeasures and suggestions of occupational prevention. Methods In accordance with the relevant national standards, the general hygiene was investigated, the occupational hazards in the work- place were identified, and the relevant indexes were detected for sanitary engineering and analyzed exceeding the reason. Results As shown in the detection results of occupational hazards, 46. 7% workers exposed to dust concentration which exceeded the national standard; 40% workers exposed to noise which noise equivalent sound level exceeded the national standard ; Toxicology testing results showed the concentrations of asphalt smoke, fluoride, sulfur dioxide and carbon monox- ide conformed to the national exposure limits except the short time exposure concentration of methylbenzene , the intensity of power frequency electric field met the national standards. The high temperature existed in some workplace and the venti- lation in the center laboratory didn＇ t meet the requirements of relevant standards. Conclusion Dust and noise are the most serious because of the poor protection measures in some workplace.