干旱胁迫对大豆生理生态及产量的影响

Effect of drought stress on physiology ecology and yield of soybean

针对干旱灾害对农业生产带来减产问题,研究干旱条件下大豆的生理生态的变化特征,为粮食高产提供依据。从大豆开花期开始,通过小区试验对冀豆12号进行控制干旱时间和不同程度土壤水分处理,研究不同处理下大豆叶绿素、叶面积和光合作用率、产量及其品质的变化规律。结果表明:干旱时间越长,大豆生理生态特征呈下降趋势;且在短时间处理后及时复水处理,其生理生态特征有回升趋势;在土壤含水量占田间含水量的40%～50%时,大豆的叶绿素含量和叶面积指数最大;土壤含水量低于30%时,叶绿素含量和叶面积指数最低;对照处理净光合速率远高于各时间和水分处理,并且在处理结束后,植株净光合速率会有反升的现象;在不同处理条件下,产量随胁迫时间加长和土壤水分减少而减少,但千粒重却与之相反;蛋白质含量将会上升,而脂肪含量及脂肪蛋白总量会下降。

Aimed at the decrease of the crop yield caused by drought stress, this paper focused on the physiological ecological characteristics of soybean. The variations of soybean leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, yield and quality are studied through control dry time and varying degrees of soil moisture treatments from the stage of flowering. The results show that the physiological and ecological characteristics of soybean will drop if the dry time is longer and it has recovery trend when the soybean is irrigated timely in a short period of drought time. The chlorophyll content and leaf area are maximum when the soil moisture content is 40% to 50% , and when soil water content is lower than 30% , they are minimum. The photosynthetic rate under control group is higher than that in time and water treatments, and the value of photosynthetic rate will increase if stop the processing. The yield of soybean will reduce with longer time stress and lower water stress, but the grain weight is contrary. The protein content will increase and the fat content will decrease.