戏剧原型论

On the Prototype of Drama

原型,作为一种颇为丰富的理论,具有很强的包容性与开放性,被广泛地运用于文学研究中。文学性与剧场性是戏剧两个不可或缺的重要因素,均蕴涵着人类共同的精神原型。戏剧起源于神话与仪式,其文学性和剧场性便不可避免地分别带有了神话与仪式的意蕴。因而,戏剧原型不仅是一种以戏剧文本创作为理念的审美方式,还是一种以受众为本位的审美方式。20世纪后,戏剧的重心开始由文学性向剧场性转变,并以还原人类精神,回归仪式的本质为追求的目标。

As a rather rich theory, the prototype has a strong degree of inclusiveness and openness, which is widely applied in lit- erary studies. Literature and theater are indispensable to play two important factors, which imply a spirit of common human proto- types. Drama originated in myth and ceremony, whose literature and theater will be inevitably and respectively with the myth and ceremony. Thus, the prototype of drama is not only a dramatic text for the concept of the aesthetic mode, but also a whole audi- ence~ aesthetics. After the 20th century, the drama of gravity began to shift from literary to theatre, and the pursuit of the goal is to restore the human spirit and return the nature of the handover ceremony.