接种抗狂犬病血清不良反应观察

Adverse reaction after exposed to rabies antiserum

目的观察抗狂犬病血清的皮肤过敏试验(皮试)阳性率和不良反应发生率,对指导使用抗狂犬病血清提供科学依据。方法按照抗狂犬病血清使用说明书,对被犬等动物咬伤Ⅲ级暴露者400人进行抗狂犬病血清皮肤过敏试验,并对380名接种抗狂犬病血清者观察不良反应。结果 400人抗狂犬病血清皮试阳性52例,阳性率13.00%;抗狂犬病血清全身反应发生率为1.05%,局部反应发生率为12.11%,皮试阳性和阴性者接种抗狂犬病血清不良反应发生率分别为12.50%和13.22%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.013,P﹥0.05)。全身反应和局部反应经及时对症处理0～5d治愈。结论接种抗狂犬病血清安全可行,但同时应做好抗狂犬病血清皮试、接种中观察及接种后观察处理工作。

Objective To observe the positive rate and incidence of adverse reactions after anti-rabies serum skin allergy test,and provide scientific basis for the use of antirabies serum.Methods According to antirabies serum instructions,400 victims（Ⅲ expose） bite by dogs and other animals accepted anti-rabies serum skin allergy test,of whom 380 were injected with rabies antiserum.We observed the adverse reaction of vaccination.Results There were 52 positive cases among 400 people who accepted anti-rabies serum skin allergy test,and the positive rate was 13%.The systemic reaction rate and partial response rate among people who were injected with rabies antiserum was 1.05% and12.11%,respectively.The rate of adverse reaction of skin positive and negative cases were 12.50% and 13.22%,respectively（χ^2 = 0.013,P ﹥ 0.05）.Local or systemic adverse reactions after timely treatment could be cured after 0-5 days.Conclusion Vaccination of rabies antiserum is safe and feasible,but antirabies serum skin test and observation during and after vaccination also should been done carefully.