各种水体嗜肺军团菌污染状况和分布规律研究

Study on thecontamination status and distributive regulation of legionella pneumophila in different waters

目的：探讨各种水体环境中嗜肺军团菌的污染状况和分布规律，为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法：采取分层随机抽样方法采集自然环境及生活环境中各主水体样品，浓缩后经常规细菌培养得到的疑似菌株，用血清学鉴定与荧光定量PCR技术进行嗜肺军团菌的鉴定。结果：342件水样检出嗜肺军团菌阳性96件，总体阳性率为28．1％。淋浴热水、冷却塔水、喷泉水和河湖水阳性率分别为60．2％，35．8％，16．7％和6．7％，其余3种水体未检出军团菌。6月～10月嗜肺军团菌的阳性率差异没有统计学意义。血清分型结果总体以LPl型和LP7型为主。宾馆、医院和商场这三个场所的冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌阳性率最高的是医院，为60．0％。结论：空调冷却塔水、淋浴热水、喷泉水等与人群密切接触水体是嗜肺军团菌污染和传播的高危水体。LPl型是优势菌株。应加强军团菌监测管理，并以医院为重点对象，尽快采取切实有效的预防控制措施以保护广大人群身体健康。

Objective： To discuss the contamination status and distributive regulation of Legionella pneumophila （Lp） in different waters, to provide evidences to formulate measures for prevention and control. Methods： A strati- fied sampling method was adopted to collect water samples randomly from the natural and living environment. Sus- pected strains were cultivated routinely from condensed water samples, then serology identification and real -time PCR technology were Used to identify Lp. Results： Ninety - six samples were Lp positive of 342 samples in different waters, the total positive rate was 28.1%. The positive rates of Lp in shower water, air conditioner cooling water, fountain water and river water were 60.2% , 35.8% , 16.7% and 6.7% respectively, while the other three types of water samples were negative. The difference of Lp positive rate from June to October had no statistical significance. The serotypes were mainly LP1 type and LP7 type. The positive rate of Lp was higher in air conditioner cooling tower water from hospital （60.0%） than that from hotels and shopping mall. Conclusion： Air conditioner cooling water, shower water and fountain water are high - risk waters of Lp contamination and legionellosis transmission. The main type was Lpl. Management and monitoring of Lp should be particularly strengthened in hospital, and necessary measures should be taken promptly to protect public health.