甜酒酿中酵母菌多样性的研究

Diversity of yeast in sweet fermented glutinous rice

从福建酒曲、苏州酒曲和安琪酒曲中分离出6株酵母菌。通过对所分离的酵母菌的18S rDNA进行分析鉴定,同时利用形态、生理生化的分析,最终确定这6株菌属于二个类群,其分别属于酿酒酵母属,复膜酵母属。利用18S rDNA的序列,进行聚类分析,这6株酵母菌其中福建酒曲中有4株酵母菌,分别为FJ-2、FJ-5、FJ-6、FJ-7,其中FJ-2与Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain OC11的相似性达到99%、FJ-5与S.cerevisiae S288c相似性达99%、FJ-6与S.cerevisiae strain OC11相似性达99%,FJ-7与Saccharomycopsis fibuligera strainYW12相似度达到99%。苏州酒曲中有1株,为SZ-2与S.cerevisiae的相似性达99%。安琪酒曲中有1株,该菌株与酿酒酵母的相似度为100%。由此可见,在酒酿中发挥作用的酵母菌是酿酒酵母属和复膜酵母属中的菌株。

We separated 6 yeasts from fermented glutinous rices, including Fujian, Suzhou and Anqi sweet ferment rice. The 6 yeasts belongs to 2 types of groups which contain Saccharomyces and Saccharomycopsis genera. Molecular identification of yeast species was carried out by analysis of the restriction digestion pattern generated from PCR amplified internal transcribed spacer region along with 18S rRNA gene. We analyzed their se- quences of 18S rDNA respectively and found that there were 4 yeast coming from Fujian fermented glutinous rice named as Fj-2, Fj-5, Fj-6 and Fj-7, among whom Fj-2 and Fj-6 were both similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain OC11 by 99%, Fj-5 is the same as S. cerevisiae S288c by 99%, while the similarity of Fj-7 and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera strain YW12 is up to 99%. SZ-2, one yeast from Suzhou sweet ferment rice is nearly like S.cerevisiae and the similarity of them is up to 99%. There is also one yeast from Anqi sample which is exactly the same as Saccharomyces. Above all, we could conclude that the funguses which play an important role in producing sweet ferment rice belong to Saccharomyces and Saccha- romycopsis.