人类学方法在霍桑实验中的应用

On the Application of Anthropological Methodology to Hawthorne Experiment

作为管理思想史上一次最著名的实验,霍桑实验主要是在具有人类学背景的梅奥、人类学家沃纳以及梅奥的助手罗特利斯博格等的指导下展开的。他们运用人类学的参与观察法和深入访谈法,把霍桑工厂当作研究的"田野",深入其中开展"田野工作",为成功解决制约西方电器公司霍桑工厂工人生产效率提高的问题提供了详实的素材和有效的对策,打破了以经济人假设为前提、以效率逻辑为导向的科学管理在企业生产中的主导地位,开创了以情感逻辑为主导、关注非正式组织要求的社会人时代。

As one of the most famous experiments in the history of management thoughts,Hawthorne experiment was carried out under the guidance of Mayo who was adept in anthropology,the anthropologist Warner and Mayo＇s assistant Fritz Roethlisberger.By participant observation method and in-depth interview of anthropology,they regarded Hawthorne＇s factory as the ＂field＂ for research and engaged in ＂field work＂ in Hawthorne＇s factory.Finally,they successfully solved the problem restricting workers＇ production efficiency in Hawthorne factory of Western Electric Company,broke the dominant position of the scientific management premised on the assumption of economic man and guided by efficiency logic in the enterprise production,and created the time of social man which was dominated by affective logic and concerned about the requirements of informal organizations.