蔡邕与《琴操》及其题解批评

Explanation and Criticism of "Qincao" by Cai Yong

为唐宋各种公私书目所著录之《琴操》,共有三种,且大都佚亡于宋元之际。清人王谟署名为孔衍的辑佚本《琴操》,作者其实为东汉文学家蔡邕。今本蔡邕《琴操》共对44篇"琴曲类乐府"进行了题解,极具"题解类批评"的学理要素。而更为重要的是,《琴操》在东汉末年的编撰,成为了蔡邕"前乐府"认识观的一种具体反映,并对其后释智匠《古今乐府》、郭茂倩《乐府诗集》等产生明显而直接的影响。

＂Qincao＂ was created for the description of various public and private bibliographies in Tang and Song dynasties.It totally contains three kinds,but most of them were missed in Song and Yuan dynasties.Signed with the name of Kong Yan,the ＂Qincao＂ which was collected by Wang Mo of Qing dynasty was written by Cai Yong,and Cai Yong was a writer in the East Han dynasty.The modern edition provides an explanation of the 44 ＂Yuefu ballads of keyboard music＂（Yuefu is a government office in the Han Dynasty for collecting folk songs and ballads）,and the explanation exceptionally grasped the academic elements of ＂criticism of explanation＂.And more important is that ＂Qincao＂,which was compiled in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty,has become a concrete reflection of Cai Yong＇s understanding of ＂pre-Yuefu poems＂.Furthermore,it has made significant and direct impact on the later works,such as Shi Zhi-jiang＇s ＂Ancient and Modern Yuefu＂ and Guo Maoqian＇s ＂Collected Poems of Yuefu＂,etc.