高血压内皮微粒产生的机制和病理生理学作用

Mechanism of endothelial microparticle generation in hypertension and its pathophysiological roles

高血压是以血压升高为主要临床表现伴或不伴有多种心血管危险因素的综合征，并且是目前多种心、脑、血管疾病的重要病因和独立的危险因素。大量文献已证实内皮细胞功能障碍参与高血压发生发展的病理生理过程。因此临床急需找到一种新型的生物标记物，这种标志物不但可以帮助理解高血压的发生发展机制而且具有对疾病诊断和预后的价值。

Hypertension is closely related to many target organ damage. Endothelial microparticles （EMPs）, derived from endothelial cells in response to endothelial cell activation or apoptosis, are complex vesicular structures with a membrane skeleton and express various antigens specific.to parental endothelial cells. EMPs circulate in human plasma and show elevated levels in many vascular damage diseases, such. as hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular diseases, sepsis and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that EMPs could be a comprehensive index for endothelial homeostasis monitoring, such as vasomotor activity, anti-inflammatory status and so on. Especially, more and more evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in hypertension. Patients with hypertension show higher circulating levels of EMPs compare^l with healthy controls. Furthermore, increasing evidence demonstrates that EMPs can induce endothelial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, and then further promote the development of hypertension and its complications. This review will summarize the progress in the definition and formation mechanisms of EMPs, levels of EMPs and their phenotypes in patients with hypertension, and the pathophysiological roles of EMPs in hypertension.