我国学前教育公共支出的受益分布——基于BIA方法的分析

The Distribution of Public Expenditure on Pre-school Education:Based on Benefit Incident Analysis

本文利用全国31个省的省级数据,采用利益归宿分析方法,考察了我国学前教育公共支出的受益分布。结果表明:人均GDP最高地区、东部地区为我国学前教育公共支出的最大受益者,其他地区均为学前教育公共支出利益受损者,其中最大受损者并非在人均GDP最低地区和西部地区,而是在人均GDP次低地区和中部地区。这一格局在2003-2008年的6年间并未出现实质性的变化。相反,受益差距在不同地区却呈现出一定的扩大趋势。政府投入不足,政府间责任分工缺乏有力的制度约束,以及公共支出投向偏差是造成当前学前教育公共支出不公平的主要原因。尽快补足学前教育短板,将政府以及各级政府间在学前教育投入的责任具体、明确,做到有章可循,扶持民办幼儿园健康发展,是进一步提高学前教育公共支出的有效途径。

Based on 31 provincial data, using benefit incident analysis method, we analysis the distribution of public expenditure on pre-school education. We conclude the benefit is mainly shared by the residence in the area with highest per capita GDP or the eastern region. Others are all interests＂ losers. The largest loser is not in the residence in area with lowest per capita GDP, but in the area with second-lowest per capita GDP or middle region. The pattern in 2003-2008, did not show a substantial change. On the contrary, benefit gap between different regions tended to expand. Insufficient public input to preschool education, uncertain division of responsibilities between the governments and mffair public spending are the main reasons. In order to improve the equity, we need to increase the public investment to preschool education and make responsibilities between the various levels government certain, clear and rule-based, and support the healthy development of private kindergarten.