人工作业系统各作业模式生产效率与成本分析

The Analysis on the Production Efficiency and Cost of the Operation Mode of Manual Operating System

基于"一线员工"高柔性、低成本、低风险及环境友好的特点,以员工作为主体要素的人工作业系统(MOS-Manual Operation System)是我国中小制造企业当前采用的主要结构模式。人工作业系统的组织模式及其作业形式对生产系统绩效影响较大。当员工速率为已知常数时,从各工序小组的人数、生产速率的差异性、工序间是否相互支援的角度对作业模式进行分类,并分别计算其计划期内的产出速率及总人工成本,算例表明生产线需要的多技能人数越多,生产效率越高,但成本也越高。当员工速率服从正态分布时,采用witness仿真的方法得到的结论是生产率的波动性越低、各工序小组人数越多,生产效率越高。上述结论可为生产实践提供参考价值。

As a main element, Manual Operation System （MOS） based on the staff is the main structure model used by the small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises （SMEs） in China at present. The organization mode and operation form of MOS have a great influence on the production performance of the system. When the staff rate is a known constant, according to the process of group size, production rate differences between processes, whether there exists mutual support, we classify the mode of operation, and calculate the output rate and total labors cost in its plan period. The result shows that the more the men with multi-skills production lines need, the the higher the production efficiency is, but the higher the cost will be. When employees＇ rate obeys the normal distribution, the result obtained by WITNESS simulation shows that the lower the volatility of productivity is, the more each process group members are, the higher the production efficiency is. The conclusion can provide reference for production practice.