中国环保产业调查方案设计研究

Study on the survey design of China environmental protection industry

结合中国目前环保产业调查的现状及其存在问题,设计了以普查为基础、以抽样调查为主体的环保产业调查方案,并采用按产值规模的分层抽样以及与其等样本量的重点抽样、按行业分类的分层抽样以及与其等样本量的重点抽样4种方法对2004年中国环保产业调查进行了实证。结果表明,重点抽样的误差小于分层抽样,且按产值分层抽样的误差小于按行业分类抽样;抽样实践中应考虑以重点抽样为主,而样本量则可以按产值分类的分层抽样所需的样本量来确定,这样得到的误差会更小。抽样调查能够以更低的成本实现对总体情况的较好估计,也更具实践可操作性,能够为环保产业发展形势的连续观测提供可靠的依据。

Base on the current statute and existing problem of China environmental industry survey practices,a general framework with general investigation as the basis and sampling survey as the main part was designed for the survey of environmental protection industry. Stratify sampling and equal sample sized importance sampling according to production value and industry classification separately were performed to verify the data of China environmental protection industry in 2004. Results showed that the error of stratify sampling was less than that of importance sam- pling and the error of production value based sampling was less than that of industry based sampling. So,among the 4 sampling methods, importance sampling was superior in the practical survey sampling, and sample sized should be de- termined by industry based stratify sampling so as to minimize the survey error. Sampling survey could perfect esti- mate the overall situation of environmental industry with a lower cost, simultaneously it was practical, feasible and could provide reliable basis for continuous observation of environment protection industry.