外泌体的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes

外泌体(exosome)是细胞主动向胞外分泌的大小均一的囊泡样小体,具有抗肿瘤免疫、促血管新生等生理功能。不同类型的细胞可以释放出外泌体,正常生理状态下血液、尿液、乳汁和支气管灌洗液中也能分离到外泌体。本文主要对外泌体的结构、功能和提取方法、外泌体与靶细胞的作用方式进行综述。

Exosomes are automatically secreted homogenous membrane vesicles, with multiple functions such as anti-tumor immunity and angiogenesis. Exosomes have been found to be released by various cell types and isolated from biological fluids, including plasma, urine, breast milk and bronchial lavage fluid. In this review, we summarize the structure, function and extraction of exosomes, and the different ways exosomes target to cells.