满足多元利益的水生态文明城市规划理念

New Approaches to Urban Planning and Design

水生态文明建设需要政府、企业和民众共同推动,是多元利益主体的集体行动。规划作为一个以"决策—实施"为导向的塑造城市形象的重要环节,在很大程度上影响着目标的实现。在城市中,水的意义远远不止是水资源、防洪排涝和景观,因而水的理念和规划方法成为人们积极探讨分享的重要话题。约50%的国土面积低于海平面的荷兰,经历了很多年的研究和实践,对水的认识颇为深入。荷兰代尔夫特三角洲研究中心(前荷兰水力研究院)所著的《城市环境中的水土管理》,展现了荷兰人对水的自然、生态、卫生、土壤健康、人文等复杂因素的深入理解和先进的城市规划理念。翻译了《城市环境中的水土管理》一书中的第三章,主要介绍了城市水生态规划的理念和重要方法,希望此译文的内容能为我国水生态文明城市规划工作提供启示和借鉴。

Water and ecological balance have been highlighted as key issues in urban planning nowadays. However, planning always requires not only the ＂best technical resources＂, but also a nice, equilibrated consideration, and agreement between all stakeholders about construction, maintenance, fi- nancing and so on. With approximately 50% of the land below the sea level, the Netherlands has experi- enced many years of research and practice, and has demonstrated many successful ＂pleasant city＂ exam- ples throughout the world. The Dutch approach in creating a pleasant urban living environment is presen- ted in the document ＂The Land and Water Management in the Urban Environment＂, released by Delta Research Centre （former Dutch Hydraulic Research Institute） in 2009. This paper is the translation of Chapter 3 ＂New Approaches to Urban Planning and Design＂ of the above document. The translators would like to share the value delivered from this document, and hope it will challenge and inspire the reader.