需求和生产成本同时扰动下供应链期权契约应对突发事件

Supply Chain Coordination under Market Demand and Production Costs Disruptions by Adjusting Option Contracts

本文研究了单一供应商和单一零售商组成的供应链在期权契约下的应急协调问题。首先证明了稳定条件下的期权契约能够实现该供应链的协调,当突发事件导致随机市场需求分布函数和制造商生产成本同时扰动时,在市场需求和生产成本变化满足一定条件下,供应链最优购买量不变,否则将会发生改变,此时协调被打破;通过调整期权契约能够实现对突发事件的协调应对。最后运用数值实验对模型进行了验证。

In recent years, emergency events such as nature disaster, terror attack etc. occur frequently, which affect the normal operation of enterprises and supply chain tremendously. Thus, this question leads to a wide attention about how to coordinate the supply chain to response to disruptions. On the other hand, the option contracts have a wide application in the supply chain coordination because of their good flexibility, but in previous studies, only few of them use the option contract to coordinate the supply chain to response to disruptions and verify its validity, and this is just the field that will be explored in this pa- per. In this paper, we considering a two-stage supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retail- er, while the disruptions cause the stochastic market demand distribution function and the manufacturer＇s production cost fluctuated simultaneously, how to coordinate the supply chain to response to the disruption by using the option contract is discussed in this paper. A supply chain coordination model is set up based on option contract firstly. As the disruption may affect the supply chain production plan and furthermore it will cause the manufacturer to adjust the production quantity, the production quantity adjustment need to throw in deviation cost. So in the emergency environment, a supply chain model iset up based on a option contract by drawing （leading） into deviation cost. In addition, the model is analyzed thoroughly. As for the thinking of the question resolvent, firstly the coordination mechanism with the option contract of sup- ply chain in steady environment is studied in this paper. Then, the option contract coordination strategy is researched in the light of the supply chain in the emergency environment. The results show that the supply chain can be coordinated by adjusting the order quantity when stochastic market demand distribution function and production cost fluctuated simultaneously. Furthermore, it is found that only the adjusted option contract can coordinate the supply chain while the origin option contract can＇t. Thereby it is verified that it is effective and essential to coordinate the supply chain by adjusting the option contract while disruptions occur. Finally, the model in this paper is verified by numerical experiments. In the part of data emulation and analysis, a living example is designed according to the feature of the short life cycle two-stage supply chain. Furthermore, the numeral example combining with four conditions produced is analyzed by stochastic market demand distribution function and production cost fluctuation simultaneously. The numeral example shows that the supply chain emergency coordination model is correct. In brief, this study offers a fundamental train of thought and a frame for coordinating the supply chain to response to disruptions to the other related studies. Moreover, it can be used as reference to the other related studies about how to lead the option contract into coordinating the supply chain to response to disruptions.