少数民族濒危语言理论与美国国家语言政策实践

Minority Endangered Language Theories and the Practice of American National Language Policy

由于美国特殊的历史背景,保护少数土著民族的语言对少数民族群体跨文化交流与理解及社会稳定都意义重大。费什曼关于少数民族濒危语言保护的理论范式研究了国家语言政策对少数民族濒危语言保护的影响。美国的教学实践表明,少数民族濒危语言是能够保持和发展的。如果以社区为单位,在儿童早期就开展少数民族语言教育项目,并与双语教学项目联合起来,在学生的小学、中学和大学阶段继续进行少数民族语言学习,不但有望实现少数民族濒危语言的保护与复兴,也能增强少数民族家庭的凝聚力。

Due to the special historical background, the protection of indigenous minority languages is of great significance for cross - cultural exchange, understanding and social stability. Fishman＇s Theoretical Paradigm about minority endangered language protection focuses on the impact of the national policy upon minority endangered language protection. American minority language teaching prac- tice illustrates that minority endangered languages can be maintained and renewed. If taking community as the unit, carrying out minor-ity language programs in early childhood, combining them with bilingual teaching project and continuing minority language learning in student＇s primary, secondary and university stage , it is expected to achieve not only minority endangered languages protection and re-newal , but also the cohesion of minority families.