艰难梭菌感染的临床诊断与治疗研究进展

The clinical diagnosis and therapy of Clostridium difficile infection: progress review

艰难梭菌感染可引起相关腹泻,且在住院患者中的发病率不断升高。根据腹泻的程度不同,艰难梭菌相关腹泻可分为轻、中、重和暴发型4型,临床诊断除了血常规外,毒素鉴定与内镜诊断也是重要的辅助检查手段。目前在临床治疗中仍以甲硝唑或万古霉素等抗生素进行药物治疗,可通过益生菌来调节肠道菌群实现艰难梭菌相关腹泻的预防。

Clostridium difficile infection can cause diarrhea, and the incidence has been increasing among inpatients. There are 4 types of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea （CDAD） according to the symptom severity, including light, moderate, severe and fulmi- nant diarrhea. The blood test is the conventional diagnostic method, beside this, identification of toxin A and B and endoscopic observa- tion are important supplementary tests used widely. Currently, metronidazole and vancomycin are still used in clinical treatment of the dis- ease, and probiotics are applied to regulate the balance of intestinal flora for the purpose of CDAD prevention.