安徽5种野生菊属药用植物花序各组成部分显微特征研究

Study on Inflorescences Microscopic Characteristics of Five Wild Medicinal Plants from Chrysanthemum Genus in Anhui

目的:探明安徽5种野生菊属药用植物花序各组成部分显微特征的差异,并探索与植物的分布和生态环境的相关性。方法:对5种植物花序柄横切面进行切片观察;对总苞、舌状花和管状花表面毛茸进行比较研究;对花粉粒超微形态比较观察。结果:5种植物花序柄结构有显著差异,且与生态相关。外总苞片上非腺毛的形态差异显著;但总苞片从外层至内层,非腺毛形态逐渐趋于一致,花序各部分表面毛茸形态从外至内有趋同的现象。不同种间腺毛差异在大小上;每种内从总苞至舌状花、管状花腺毛逐渐增大,总苞外层至内层密度降低,而舌状花、管状花上的腺毛密度增加。花粉粒的超微形态显示紫花野菊与其他种有显著差异;菊花脑与野菊间花粉粒形态有差异。结论:花序柄组织结构、外总苞片表面的非腺毛形态差异可以作为菊属植物花序鉴别的重要依据;支持菊花脑独立成种的分类方式。

Objective： To probe into the disparities in the microscopic characteristics of each part of inflorescences of five wild medicinal plants from Chrysanthemum genus in Anhui Province, and explore the correlation between the distribution of plants and ecological environment. Methods ： The transverse sections of peduncles of the five Chrysanthemum species were observed ; The surface piles of the involucre, ray flower, and tubular flower were compared ;The ultra-morphology of pollen was observed. Results ： There were evident differences, which were associated with ecological environment, among the structures of peduncles of the five species. The morphology of non-glandular hairs on the external involucre presented significant differences, but the morphology of non-glandular hairs tended to be similar gradually from the external to the internal layer of the involucre, and the morphology of surface piles of each part of the inflorescences also tended to converge from the external to the internal. The disparities of glandular hairs among different species were their sizes ; As for each species, the size of glandular hairs grew bigger from the involucre to ray flower, and to tubular flower, the density of glandular hairs decreased from the external to the internal layer of the involucre, while it increased on ray flower and tubular flower. The ultra-morphology of pollen of C. zawadskii was distinctly different from that of other species, and disparities of pollen morphology also existed between C. nankingen^e and C. indicum. Conclusion： The structure of peduncles and the disparities in morphology of non-glandular hairs on the surface of external involucre can serve as significant basis for differentiating the inflorescences of Chrysanthemum plants. The categorizing of designating C. nankingense as an separate species is supported.