西安地区羊奶的成分和霉菌毒素污染状况研究

Investigation on composition and mycotoxin contaminations of goat milk in Xi'an and their correlations

为研究西安地区羊奶的成分和霉菌毒素污染状况,采集了西安市70批次生鲜羊奶样品和30批次羊奶粉样品,利用Milkscan乳成分测定仪和液相色谱串联质谱法检测羊奶的质量指标(蛋白、脂肪和体细胞数)和霉菌毒素污染状况(黄曲霉毒素M1、赭曲霉毒素A、α-玉米赤霉烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮)。结果表明:1)生鲜羊奶的乳蛋白、乳脂肪和体细胞数平均为3.6%、4.1%和116.9万cells/mL;2)黄曲霉毒素M1、赭曲霉毒素A、α-玉米赤霉烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮在生鲜羊奶中检出率和平均含量分别为98.1%和12.4ng/kg、80%和96.6ng/kg、77.1%和74.5ng/kg、80.0%和36.2ng/kg,在羊奶粉中检出率和平均含量分别为100%和57.3ng/kg、37.0%和37.1ng/kg、60.0%和59.8ng/kg、100%和97.1ng/kg,所有样品中霉菌毒素含量都处于痕量水平,远低于黄曲霉毒素M1的国家限量(500ng/kg);3)黄曲霉毒素M1显著影响乳蛋白含量(P<0.01),α-玉米赤霉烯醇也显著影响体细胞数(P<0.001),玉米赤霉烯酮和α-玉米赤霉烯醇、乳蛋白与乳脂肪间存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。结果显示,目前西安地区羊奶质量在安全范围,但霉菌毒素污染的风险还应引起人们的警惕。

To study the components and mycotoxin contaminations of goat milk in Xian, Milkscan milk composition analyzer and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） were used to analyzed the milk compositions （protein,fat,somatic cell） and mycotoxin contaminations （aflatoxin M1 ,ochratoxin A,α- zearalenol and zearalenone）. The results showed that.. 1） Protein, fat and somatic cell count of goat raw milk was 3.6% ,4.1% and 116.92 x 104 Cells/ml, respectively; 2） 98. 1% of the goat raw milk samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1,80% with ochratoxin A, 77. 1% with a-zearalenol and 80.0% with zearalenone, whereas 100% ofgoat milk powder samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1,37.0% with ochratoxin A,59.3% with α-zearalenol and 100% with zearalenone,and their average concentrations were 12.4 ng/kg, 198.6 ng/kg, 153.0 ng/kg,36.2 ng/kg in goat raw milk and 57.3 ng/kg,37. 1 ng/kg, 105.4 ng/kg, 128.7 ng/kg in goat milk powder. Furthermore,no samples exceeded the maximum residue levels（500 ng/kg） of aflatoxin M1 regulated by China; 3） There were significant correlations between aflatoxin M1 and protein（ P〈0.01 ）, and also between protein and fat （ P〈0.01 ）, as well as between α-zearalenol and somatic cell count（ P〈0. 001 ）. The results indicated that goat milk in Xi＇an was nutrition and safe,but the risk of mycotoxin contaminations in goat milk might be a concern.