流动家庭的现状与特征分析

Characteristics of Family of Migrants at the Place of Destination

文章基于2011年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从家庭规模、代数、结构和居住安排等方面,描述了流动人口在流入地的家庭特征。结果表明,家庭规模为2.46人;平均1.54代人;家庭结构以核心家庭为主(占68.6%),单人家庭次之(占27.0%),主干家庭和其他家庭各占3.3%和1.1%;2/3的子女与流动父母同住。但是,全国的平均水平掩盖了较大的地区性差别:中部地区和跨县流动者的家庭规模最大、代数最多、家庭结构更复杂、子女更易与父母团聚,而在东部地区、长三角和珠三角经济带跨省流动者中,家庭规模最小、代数最少、结构最简单,团聚更不易。这些特点透视出,各地不同的经济社会发展程度对家庭团聚设置的门槛不同,同时也折射出流动人口的自选择性。

Using data from a nationally representative and timely survey conducted in 2011 ,this paper describes the family characteristics of migrants at the place of destination. Analytical results indicate that the family size of migrants is 2.46 persons with an average of 1.54 generation, smaller than that of national average emerged in the 2010 census,and that nuclear family accounts for two-thirds among all migrants. Nevertheless ,regional disparities are salient： central provinces are associated with larger family size, more generations,higher proportion of family migration and more complicated residential pattern than Yangtze River Delta and Zhujiang River Delta. Such disparity may reflect a higher threshold for family reunion and expensive cost of daily living in more developed areas, which prevents migrants from the reunion of core family members. Conversely, inadequate resources in underdeveloped areas discourage migrants to bring in family members to receiving societies.