土壤与气候对烤后烟叶烟碱和钾含量的影响

Effects of Soil and Climate on Nicotine and Potassium Content of Cured Tobacco Leaves

选择贵州生态条件差异较大的威宁县、开阳县和天柱县进行客土田间小区试验,以烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)云烟85为材料,探讨土壤与气候对烤后烟叶烟碱和钾含量的影响。结果表明:不同生态因子对烤后烟叶烟碱和钾含量的影响程度明显不同,气候对烟碱含量的影响效应大于土壤,烟碱含量在气候间的变异度是土壤的近4倍,气候和土壤对其变异的贡献率分别为47%和18%,影响较大的前3个气象因子为成熟期的累积降水量、大田生长前期的累积日照时数、成熟期的≥10℃积温。土壤对钾含量的影响效应较气候突出,钾含量在土壤间的变异度是气候的1.5倍,土壤和气候对其变异的贡献率分别为40%和14%,影响较大的前3个土壤因子为有效钾含量、有机质含量和全氮含量。通过品种布局和农艺措施调控烤烟烟碱含量,不能忽视气候因素的影响;在提高烟叶钾含量时,应重点考虑土壤因素。

The effects of soil and climate on nicotine and potassium content of cured tobacco leaves were studied through a field plot experiment with soils from Weining, Kaiyang and Tianzhu with obvious different ecological regions in Guizhou Province, and using flue-cured variety of Yunyan 87 as the test materials. Results showed the influence degree of different ecological factors on nicotine and potassium content of cured tobacco leaves was distinctly different. The effect of climate on nicotine content of cured tobacco leaves was higher than that of soil. The variability of nicotine content among climate factors was almost 4 times higher than that among soil factors. The contributing rates of climate and soil to the variation of nicotine content were 47% and 18%, respectively. The cumulative rainfall at maturing stage and 1〉 10℃ accumulated temperature at maturing stage, the amount of sunlight hours at the earlier growing stage in field were the top three climate factors affecting nicotine content of cured tobacco leaves. The effect of soil on nicotine content of cured tobacco leaves was obviously higher than that of climate. The variability of potassium content among soil factors was 1.5 times higher than that among climate factors. The contributing rates of soil and climate to the variation of potassium content were 40% and 14%, respectively. The available potassium content, organic matter content and total nitrogen content were the top three soil factors affecting potassium content of cured tobacco leaves. The effect of climate on nicotine content could not be neglected when the nicotine content was regulated by varieties distribution and agronomic measures. Soil factors should be mainly considered in order to improve potassium content of tobacco leaves.