我国东北烟区典型烟田土壤系统分类研究

Soil Taxonomy of Typical Tobacco Fields in Northeast China

以黑龙江的宁安、吉林的汪清和辽宁的宽甸为我国东北烟区的代表,通过15个典型优质烟田的土壤调查,本研究尝试建立相应的土系。结果表明:①调查的15个典型烟田土壤在系统分类上可归为3个土纲(淋溶土、雏形土和新成土)、5个亚纲、6个土类、7个亚类、11个土族和土系。②不同土系的烟田各有优劣,属于不同土纲的土系在植烟适宜性上有很大差异,淋溶土的土系有效土层深厚,养分含量适中、比例协调,劣势在于黏化层存在可能会限制根系下扎;属于雏形土和新成土的土系优势在土壤颗粒较粗,通透性好,养分含量虽然低但易于通过施肥调控,劣势在于有效土层偏薄。

Soil plays an important role in highlighting the aroma style of tobacco leaves. Soil series is lowest classification unit of soil taxonomy and is the holographic 1D Card of soil. This paper took the tobacco growth regions of northeast China as the study region, selected totally 15 typical tobacco fields from Kuandian of Liaoning Province, Wangqing from Jilin Province and Ningan of Heilongjiang Province which could grow the tobacco leaves of the highest-quality and tried to establish preliminarily the relevant soil series based on soil information obtained in field survey. The results showed that the 15 typical tobacco field soils could be classified into 3 orders （Argosols, Cambosols and Primosols）, 5 suborders, 6 groups, 7 subgroups, 11 families and series. There were differences between different soil series for tobacco growth, soil series of Argosols usually had deep solum and moderate nutrients content but limited by claying horizon and soil erosion while soil series of Cambosols and Primosols had coarse soil particles and good permeability but limited by thin solum and flood threats.