被害人自我答责与过失犯

Self-responsibility of the Victim and Principal Offender of Criminal Negligence

过失犯的核心是注意义务的违反。但是,在某些场合,对注意义务的认定存在一些问题。扩张的正犯概念和二元的正犯概念不能说明过失犯的注意义务。而采取限制的正犯概念,以"客观的(形式的)注意义务违反"来区分过失犯,其结论有时与扩张的正犯概念所得出的结论并无二致,有扩张注意义务的弊端。立足于被害人自我答责理论,实质性地判断过失犯中的注意义务,是解决问题的有效路径之一。

The core of the offender of criminal negligence is the violation of attention obligation.But some problems about attention obligation will arise.The attention obligation of the principal offender of criminal negligence can not be explained by neither the concept of extensive principal offender nor the concept of double principal offender.Sometimes,the same conclusion can be obtained by the concept of restricted principal offender through ' the form of violation of attention obhgation'.While other times,attention obligation will be abused.One of the methods to solve the problem is to make a judgment on the attention obligation substantively through the self-responsibility of the victim.