1949～1979年中国城镇化的经验与特色

The Experience and Features of China's Urbanization during 1949~1979

1949～1979年，中国选择了以工业化为基础、空间均衡发展以及自给自足的经济策略，在指导思想上扬弃了西方资本主义，而采用了苏联式的社会主义。在工业分布上，改变了过去集中在沿海城市的状况，将新工业投资重点放在内陆新建及扩建城镇上，使城镇及工业区域均衡分布，邻近主要原料和能源产地。其后，出于国防考虑，采取“山、散、洞”式在中、西部分散布点。由于不少技术、设备和人员都来自沿海大城市，导致沿海地区人口内迁，因此沿海地区出现“逆城镇化”。出于地区经济自给自足的要求及方便工农、城乡、体力劳动和脑力劳动的结合，主要城市的行政管理区域被扩大至周边的镇及农村腹地，使城市和农村结合为一个经济和生态体系，成为这一时期城镇化的又一特色。

During 1949~1976 China has chosen the economic strategy of being based on industrialization space balanced development and self-sufficiency,abandoned western capitalism in guiding ideology,while adopted Soviet-style socialism.In industrial distribution China changed the situation of focusing on coastal cities in the past,put new industry investment focus on inland construction and urban expansion which made urban and industrial areas get balanced distribution and close to the main sources of raw materials and energy.Subsequently,considering of national defense,China adopted to disperse spots in the middle and western China.Because of lots of technologies,equipments and personnel from the major cities along the coast,the population there was immigrated to the hinterland which appeared 'reverse-urbanization'.For the demands on self-sufficiency of regional economy and convenience for the combination of workers and peasants,urban and rural and physical and mental labors,administrative regions in the main cities were expanded to the surrounding towns and rural hinterland,so that the combination of urban and rural became a economic and ecologicalsystem and another feature of urbanization during this period.