法学研究与认知-行为科学

Legal Studies and Cognitive-behavioral Science

本文勾勒了法律与认知-行为科学研究在美国的发展。作者认为:(1)在法律现实主义,法律与社会运动的背景下,认知-行为科学作为经验研究的一翼进入法学领域,而法律经济学直接推动了其在法学界的引进;(2)法律与认知-行为科学在关涉法律的人性基础问题研究,法律认知与判断研究,司法证据研究,生理-心理因素与认知和行为能力关系研究等领域为法学研究带来新的知识,其中以法律认知与判断方面的知识最具影响力;(3)法律与认知-行为科学研究为美国法学研究的学术建制带来了变化,扩展了法学与社会科学的交叉研究。作者据此推测了该领域研究的发展前景。

In outlining the progress of law and cognitive-behavioral studies （LCBS） in the United States, it is suggested in this paper that （1） Against the back-drop of legal realism, law and society movement, LCBS was introduced into the domain of legal studies as a part of empirical legal studies, while law and economics, in a way of paradox, accelerated the progress; （2） The knowledge of cognitive and behavioral sciences has now been widely used in legal studies, mainly but not only in studies of human nature pertaining to law-related behaviors, of legal cognition and decision-making, of legal evidence, and of psychological and physiological bases of cognitive and behavioral capacity, with legal decision-making drawing more attention from law scholars; （3） LCBS, together with empirical legal studies as a whole, has changed the academic institution of legal studies in the States, and is expanding the horizon of interdisciplinary studies of law and social sciences. Moreover, based on the analyses above, an attempt is made in this paper to speculate the future development of LCBS.