中国电视体制的起源与转型

The Origin and Transformation of Chinese TV Institution

本文运用经济学理论探讨中国电视事业制度起源,以及改革开放后电视体制向事业、产业"双重任务"转型的经济逻辑。早期电视内容的公共产品性质决定采用事业制度更有经济效率。改革开放以后,电视事业制度延续是因为电视公共产品功能的延续;电视产业化则是因为电视内容公共品性质相对削弱、私人产品性质增强,所以采取产业化制度能提高经济效率。之所以私人产品属性增强,是因为社会利益观的演变以及电视技术非排他性、非竞争性的降低。有些电视产品外部性强、可分割性弱、公共产品属性强,则不宜实行市场导向的产业化。

Based on the theory of economics, this paper attempts to probe into the origin of Chinese television system and the transformation of the system to both public institution and industrialization after the implementation of reform and opening up policy. The TV program＇s nature of public goods determines that public institution is efficient in the early time. After the reform and opening up, public institution continued because of the TV program＇s nature of public goods continued. The industrialization of TV stemmed from the fact that TV program＇s nature of public goods weakens, and its nature of private goods, therefore industrialization of TV can increase economic efficiency. The reason for the strengthening of the nature of private goods lies in the fact that the values of interest changes, and that both the non-exclusive and non-competitive nature of TV technology weakens. However, industrialization is not fit for programs with a nature of public goods.