职业性锰暴露对锰冶炼厂男性工人认知能力的影响

Effect of Occupational Manganese Exposure on Cognitive Function in Male Smelting Workers

[目的]探讨不同职业锰暴露水平对锰冶炼厂工人认知能力的影响及其他可能影响其认知能力的因素。[方法]选择广西某锰冶炼厂240名男性冶炼工人为暴露组,按锰累积暴露指数(CEI)分为高暴露组(CEI≥2.000,86名)和低暴露组(CEI<2.000,154名),以同一地区某糖厂240名男性工人为对照组,调查其一般情况,并采用北京版蒙特利尔认知评估调查问卷对认知能力进行调查。[结果]该厂锰作业男性工人CEI与认知能力呈负相关(r=-0.324,P<0.05)。控制年龄、婚姻状况等协变量后,暴露组工人认知能力低于对照组人群(P<0.01),且高暴露组工人认知能力低于低暴露组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,影响锰暴露工人认知能力的因素有:年龄、文化水平、CEI、吸烟指数(均P<0.05)。[结论]职业性锰暴露可能降低锰冶炼厂男性工人认知能力;此外,年龄、文化水平、吸烟也可影响锰冶炼工人的认知能力。

[ Objective ] To explore the changes of cognitive function in male smelting workers with exposure to various levels of manganese （Mn） and its possible influencing factors. [ Methods ] A total of 240 male smelting workers were chosen from a Mn smelter in Guangxi and divided into high （86 workers） and low （154 workers） Mn exposure groups according to a cumulative exposure index （CEI） ; 240 male workers of a sugar refinery in the same region were selected as the control group. All participants were required to complete questionnaires to collect general information and evaluate cognitive function by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） test （Beijing version）. [ Results ] There was a negative association between cognitive function and the Mn cumulative exposure levels in male smelting workers （r=-0.324, P〈 0.05）. The MoCA scores of the 2 exposure groups were remarkably lower than that of the control group （P 〈 0.01）, and the group with high Mn exposure level reported significantly lower scores than the group with low Mn exposure level （P 〈 0.05）, after adjusted age, marital status, and other related variables. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the worker＇s cognitive function was significantly affected by age, education, Mn exposure level, and smoking （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Occupational Mn exposure might decrease the cognitive function in male smelting workers. Moreover, the cognitive function could also be affected by age, education, and smoking.