中国羽毛球队运动员比赛压力源与应对策略的质性研究

Qualitative Study on Competitive Stressors and Coping Strategies of China National Badminton Team Players

运用质性研究法,分析、归纳羽毛球运动员比赛压力源和应对策略,为高水平羽毛球运动员的比赛情绪管理提供研究依据。以14名中国羽毛球队运动员的比赛总结为研究资料,通过码号登录、开放编码和主轴编码,分别得到赛前压力源与应对策略、临场压力源与应对策略的一级与二级编码主题。主题分析的结果表明,运动员的赛前压力来自于比赛结果期望和自我状态、能力感之间的心理差异,趋近应对和回避应对是赛前应对的2个策略;运动员的临场压力来自对每一球的直接结果期望和阻碍期望实现的压力反应与逆境挑战的心理冲突,应对临场压力的主要策略是战术应用、临场变化和争取暂停。

The purpose of this study was to provide evidences for emotional management of badminton players by using qualitative methods to analyze competitive stressors and coping strategies. Competition＇s summary of 14 Chinese badminton players were analyzed by primary coding and secondary coding, and 52 pre-competitive stressors and 57 coping strategies, 49 competitive stressors and 47 coping strategies were collected. Summarized results showed that differences between expectancy of winning and self efficacy were main stressors, and approaching and avoiding were main coping strategies before competition. Psychological conflict between expectancy of every score and blocks of stress responds and challenges of difficult situations were main stressors, and tactics applications and changes, as well as striving for time-out were main coping strategies during competition.