健康教育对社区鼠类防制的干预效果评估研究

Study on intervention effect of health education on rodent control in community

目的开展多种形式的干预活动,探索社区灭鼠宣传教育的有效模式和方法,评价干预效果,为制定适宜的社区灭鼠宣传措施提供依据。方法分别在武汉市江岸区和江汉区所辖的4条街道,采取整群分层抽样方法,从每个样本街道中各抽取1～2个社区,共7个社区,分为试验社区和对照社区,分别抽取18岁以上人群进行KAP(知信行)问卷调查,并通过对试验区人群采取不同形式的健康干预措施,进行干预前后的效果比较。结果干预后,试验社区居民对灭鼠常识及相关情况的知晓率明显高于干预前(P<0.05),其中大部分问卷条目的知晓率差异明显,且有统计学意义(P<0.05),鼠密度(夹夜法)在干预前后分别为4.5%和0.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论社区灭鼠工作中,在公共外环境承包工作到位、社区人群积极配合的情况下,开展形式多样且有针对性的健康教育活动,提高人群灭鼠知识水平将在一定程度上有效提高灭鼠效果。

Objective To perform various forms of intervention, investigate the effective model and method of health education for rodent control in community, and evaluate the intervention effect, and to provide a basis for proper education measures for rodent control in community. Methods One or two communities were selected from each of 4 subdistricts in Jiang＇ an district and Jiang＇ ban district of Wuhan, China by stratified cluster sampling; 7 communities were selected, and the residents in the 7 communities were divided into experimental group and control group. The individuals above 18 years of age were selected from each group to undergo knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire survey. Various health intervention measures were performed on the experimental group. The intervention effect was evaluated by comparison. Results In the experimental group, the proportion of residents with the knowledge of rodent control and related information increased after intervention （P〈0.05）, and the changes were significant in terms of most items in the questionnaire （P〈0.05）. The density of rodents, as measured by night trapping method, were 4.5% before intervention and 0.8% after intervention （P〈0.01）. Conclusion During rodent control in community, various health education activities, as well as management for public environment and active cooperation between people in community, can increase the knowledge of rodent control among residents and in turn improve the effect of rodent control.