东山湾及其邻近海域游泳动物种类组成与数量的时空分布

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Species Composition and Quantity of Nekton in Dongshan Bay and Adjacent Areas

根据2009年11月～2010年8月东山湾及其邻近海域的4个季度航次的调查资料,系统地分析了游泳动物的种类组成和数量的时空分布规律。结果显示,4个季度航次共捕获游泳动物168种,分属4纲、20目、74科、109属,其中,鱼类种类数最多,为114种(67.86%);从季节分布来看,春季游泳动物种类数最多(95种),秋季最少(66种);从平面分布来看,夏季9号调查站位游泳动物种类数最多(37种),春季3号站位的种类数最少(5种);4个季度优势种种类数较少,均不超过4种,季节更替明显。本次调查中,游泳动物重量资源密度春季最高(18.83kg/h),冬季最低(6.76kg/h),尾数资源密度夏季最高(530ind/h),冬季最低(255ind/h);游泳动物重量和尾数密度与盐度呈负相关,与温度和水深呈正相关。在相对资源密度估算中,重量相对资源密度和尾数相对资源密度变化趋势一致,最高的是夏季(398.47kg/km2和12 758.37ind/km2),其次为秋季(366.66kg/km2和9 261.55ind/km2),最低为冬季(167.01kg/km2和7 499.10ind/km2)。本研究为该海域渔业资源可持续性利用和管理政策制定提供科学依据。

The species composition and quantity of nekton in Dongshan Bay and adjacent areas were systematically analyzed according to data of 4 otter trawl surveying cruises lasting from 2009 to 2010.The results showed that a total of 168 nekton species involving 20 orders,74 families and 109 genera were recorded in the 4 cruises,and the number of fish species was 114,the largest among diverse nekton,which accounted for 67.86% of all species recorded.The number of species was the maximum in spring（95 species）;while the minimum in autumn（66 species）.The largest number of nekton species（37） was recorded at station 9 in summer;the smallest（5 species） was recorded at station 3 in spring.The number of dominant species was less than 4 year round,which fluctuated seasonally.The density of weight resource increased to the maximum（18.83 kg/h） in spring and fell toward the minimum（6.76 kg/h） in winter.The density of individual resource increased to the maximum（530 ind/h） in summer and fell towards the minimum（255 ind/h） in winter.The relative density of weight resource and that of individual resource of nekton species were negatively correlated with salinity,but positively correlated with temperature and water depth.The relative density of weight and individual resources of nekton species showed a similar trend,reaching the maximum（398.47 kg/km2,12 758.37 ind/km2） in summer,which was followed by those（366.66 kg/km2,9 261.55 ind/km2） in autumn and touched the minimum（167.01 kg/km2,7 499.10 ind/km2） in winter.Our findings may aid to sustainable exploitation and scientific management of fish resources in Dongshan Bay and adjacent areas.