上海市父母与青少年子女性与生殖健康交流状况调查

Status of adolescent-parent communication on issues related to sex and reproductive health in Shanghai

目的:了解上海市核心家庭中父母与子女的性与生殖健康(SRH)相关问题交流状况,并探讨其对青少年SRH知识的影响。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,在上海市徐汇区两个街道57个居委会中抽取符合条件的536户核心家庭,并就核心家庭中的青少年与父母交流SRH相关问题的情况及其相关的知识等进行问卷调查。结果:回答父母曾主动与之谈及SRH问题的青少年占51.31%,女孩(67.97%)多于男孩(36.07%)(P<0.05);回答父亲与之主动交流SRH问题的比例(19.48%)低于母亲主动交流的比例(44.03%)(P<0.05)。主动向父母询问SRH问题的青少年占37.69%,其中主动向父亲询问者(11.19%)低于向母亲询问者(33.58%)(P<0.05)。青少年基本生殖健康知识答对率较低(平均42.30分)。应用多因素线性模型分析,在调整父母的基本人口学特征,如年龄、职业、学历及其收入后可见,子女年龄越大,其SRH相关的生殖健康知识得分越高;父母与子女谈论与交流过SRH问题,子女的生殖健康知识得分高于未交流者近15分(P<0.05)。结论:上海市区核心家庭中父母与青少年子女SRH相关问题的交流沟通能明显提高其生殖健康知识水平。但青少年的基本生殖健康知识仍缺乏,家长SRH知识以及与子女沟通交流技巧有待进一步提高。

Objective： To explore the status and the influences on sex and reproductive health （SRH） knowledge of the adoles- cent - parent communication on issues related to SRH in Shanghai. Methods ： A total of 536 adolescents were sampled through cluster random sampling from nuclear families of 57 communities in Xuhui District, Shanghai. The selected adolescents in the families were investigated by face to face interview with a structural questionnaire on SRH knowledge and questions related to family SRH counseling by the trained investigators. Results： Adolescents who responded parents had ever counseled them a- bout SRH accounted for 51.31%, while the proportion of girls was about 67.97% which was higher than boys （36.07%. P 〈0.05）. Those who said the father had ever started the topic accounted for 19.48% ; while those who answered the mother had ever done so reached 44.03%. Altogether, about one - third （37.69%） of adolescents had asked their parents SRH questions, 11. i9% asking the father and 33.58% asking the mother （P 〈0.05）. Adolescents scored 42.30 on average on SRH related knowledge. Those who had communicated with their parents about SRH scored 15 points higher than the others. Conclusion： Adolescents＇SRH knowledge is in a low level. Parents counseling on SRH to adolescents, though could signifi- cantly improve adolescents＇awareness of SRH knowledge, is still insufficient. And the communication skills about SRH among family members need to be improved.