1990～1997年中国城乡人群伤害死亡分析

Study on the mortality of injury in Chinese population in urban and rural areas from 1990 to 1997

目的 描述我国城乡人群伤害死亡变化趋势和特点。方法 对 1990～ 1997年全国卫生统计年报资料进行比较分析。结果 8年间 ,伤害死亡率为 36 .8/ 10万～ 76 .7/ 10万 ,分别居城、乡人群全死因的第 4、5位。城市伤害死亡率呈下降趋势 ,而农村则相反。农村人群死亡率为城市 2倍左右 ,且差距随时间呈现加大趋势。 0～ 4岁和 6 0岁以上为高发年龄段。男性伤害死亡率高于女性 ,性别比为 1.3～ 1.9。城市人群的前三位死因为机动车交通事故、自杀和意外跌落 ,农村为自杀、机动车交通事故和淹死。自杀死亡率为 6 .5 / 10万～ 2 7.1/ 10万 ,城市自杀死亡率呈下降趋势 ,农村则相反。农村人群的自杀死亡率是城市的 2 .7～ 4.0倍。机动车交通事故在城乡均呈上升趋势 ,农村女性升幅高于男性。结论 伤害已成为没有得到有效控制的危害城乡人群的主要死因之一 ,尤其在农村。

Objective To describe the characteristics and trend of injuries among urban and rural Chinese population. Methods Data from annual Chinese national health statistics (1990-1997) were analyzed. Results The overall mortality of injury in China increased from 36.8 /10 6 to 76.7 /10 6 from 1990 to 1997. Injury was the forth leading causes of death in urban areas and the fifth in rural areas. The death rate of injury declined in the urban while increasing in the rural areas. The rural death rate of injury was about two times of that in urban and the difference was increasing over time. The death rate of men was higher than that of women and the ratio was 1.3 - 1.9 . Children below 4 years old and people above 60 years old showed the highest rates. The first three leading causes of death of injuries in urban areas were traffic accident, suicide and fall, while in rural areas were suicide, traffic accident and drowning. The death rate caused by suicide was 6.5 /10 6- 27.1 /10 6 and the rate in rural areas was 2.7 to 4.0 times of that in urban areas. The mortality of suicide declined in urban while increased in rural areas. The mortality of traffic accidents had a tendency of increase in both urban and rural areas. Conclusion Injury has been one of the leading cause of death but without effectively control programs for population in Urban and Rural areas in China, special in rural areas.