流行性出血热三种单价灭活疫苗免疫后第5年预防效果

Preventive effects of three kinds of inactive vaccines against epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) after 5 years of vaccination

目的 观察流行性出血热 (epidemichemorrhagicfever,EHF)沙鼠肾细胞Ⅰ型灭活疫苗(沙鼠苗 )免疫后第 5年、乳鼠脑纯化I型灭活疫苗 (鼠脑苗 )免疫后第 4年和地鼠肾细胞Ⅱ型灭活疫苗 (地鼠苗 )免疫后第 5年在EHF疫区试验人群中的安全性、血清学效果和预防效果。方法 现场试验人群采用整群随机分组 ,分为疫苗接种组和对照组。实验室血清抗体检测采用间接免疫荧光法(IFAT)、微量细胞病变中和试验 (MCPENT)、酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)和血凝抑制试验 (HI)。结果 临床上未出现免疫 (感染 )增强反应的病例。沙鼠苗、鼠脑苗和地鼠苗 3种疫苗的中和抗体阳性率分别为 8.97%、11.76 %和 18.75 % ;荧光抗体阳性率分别为 2 0 .73%、30 .2 2 %和 2 3.40 %。 3种疫苗对人群保护效果较好。基础免疫后第 4年 (鼠脑苗 )、第 5年 (沙鼠苗、地鼠苗 ) ,3种疫苗的保护率均为 10 0 %。结论 我国研制的 3种EHF单价灭活疫苗 ,经过 4、5年在高发病疫区人群中的观察结果 ,证明其安全有效 ,效果持续时间较长。

Objective To observe the safety and the preventive effects of three kinds of vaccines as Mongolian gerbils kidney vaccine, mouse brains vaccine and hamster kidney vaccine inoculated 5 years ago. Methods Field study and laboratory tests were carried out by random grouping and IFAT,MCPENT,ELISA,HI tests. Results The antibody-dependent enhancement did not appear in all individuals who received vaccines after four or five years. The seroconversion rates of MCPENT were 8.97 %, 11.76 % and 18.75 % while the seroconversion rates of IFAT were 20.73% , 30.22 % and 23.40 % respectively for Mongolian gerbils kidney vaccine, mouse brains vaccine and hamster kidney vaccine. The protection rates were 100% for all three kinds of inactive vaccines which showed good epidemiological efficacy. Conclusion The vaccines can protect clinical infection of EHF effectively after four or five years of the initial vaccination.