机动车驾驶员心理素质综合评价的研究

A comprehensive evaluation on psychological quality among automobile drivers

目的 探讨机动车驾驶员心理素质检测指标的综合评价。方法 通过专家咨询法确立机动车驾驶员职业适性检测指标体系 (重点是心理素质客观测量指标 ) ;采用分层随机抽样对分布在5个城市的在职机动车驾驶员和初考驾驶员共 140 0 0余人进行 6种 (7项 )心理指标检测 ,取得基本统计分析数据 (平均值、标准差、百分位数 ) ;采用层次分析法确定指标的权重系数 ,建立综合评价方程 ;采用百分位数法对综合评价值划分等级范围。结果 分别建立了在职驾驶员和初考机动车驾驶员心理测量指标综合评价方程 ;确立了分级界值。通过在职驾驶员中事故组与非事故组比较 ,两者平均综合评价值 (分别为 5 4.6 3和 2 9.0 5 )间差异有非常显著性 (t =14.6 8,P <0 .0 1;H =73 .6 1,P <0 .0 0 1) ;综合评价等级与事故发生情况之间有良好的一致性〔总一致性 =92 .99% ;卡帕 (kappa)值 =0 .85〕。结论 本研究所得的综合评价方程能够有效地筛选事故倾性驾驶人员 ,有较高的科学性和实用性。

Objective To study the comprehensive evaluation on the indexes of psychological quality on automobile drivers. Methods A index system, consisted of seven psychological indexes (including relevant physiological indexes), was developed through Delphi method and mathematical statistics. Basic data of the seven psychological and physiological indexes including mean, standard deviation and percentile, were taken from more than 8 000 occupational licenced automobile drivers and more than 6 000 trainees who were randomly sampled from 5 cities across China. The weight coefficients of indexes were determined by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Results Comprehensive evaluation equations of the occupational automobile drivers and the trainees were established respectively. The critical values of evaluation were divided into grades by the percentiles of evaluated values. Verified results showed that there was significant difference of the values under evaluation between drivers who had accidents and who did not ( t = 14.68 , P <0.01; H = 73.61 , P < 0.001 ). The test of consistence showed that the consistence was quite good (rate of cosistence= 92.99 %; kappa= 0.85 ). Conclusion Results showed that the comprehensive equations for evaluation were reasonable and feasible for detecting the potential accident- proneness drivers.