4Farish Noor, "Blood, Sweat, and Jihad. The Radicalization of the Political Discourse of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1982 Onwards," Contemporary Southeast Asia, August 1, 2003.
5[新加坡]《联合早报》(网络版)2002年11月17日.
6Farish Noor, Islam Embedded. The Historical Development of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 1951-2003, MSRI, Kuala Lumpur 2004, pp.74-75.
7Safie Ibrahim, The Islamic Party of Malaysia. Its formative Stages and Ideology, Kelantan, Pasir Puteh. Nuawi bin Ismail, 1981, pp 24-37.
8Kamarulnizam Abdullah, The Politics of Islam in Contemporary, Bangi. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2003, p. 133.
9Alias Mohamed, Malaysia " s Islamic Opposition. Past, Represent and Future, Kuala Lumpur. Gateway Publishing House, 1991, p. 12.
10Safie bin Ibrahim, The Islamic Party of Malaysia. Its Formative Stages and Ideology, Kelantan. Nuawi bin Ismail, 1981, pp.79-93.
