论多维理论视角中的政策问题构建

On Policy Problem Structuring in Multi-dimensional Theoretical Perspectives

政策科学从一开始就是问题导向的。政策问题是通过公共活动能够实现的未实现的需要、价值或改进的机会。政策问题不是既定的,而是通过对问题情势的问题感知、问题察觉、问题搜寻、问题界定等步骤构建出来的。政策问题构建是公共政策过程的首要环节和公共政策分析的逻辑起点。然而,公共政策问题总是复杂的、相互依存的,具有主观认定的特性和动态性,很少有纯粹是经济的、技术的或政治的政策问题,而且很多重要的政策问题都是结构不良的问题。因此,只有从多维理论视角出发,才能对其进行全方位的考察和分析。公共政策问题构建的主要路径包括推进信息公开、优化专家咨询和扩大公众参与等。

Policy science has been problem-oriented from the very beginning.Policy problems are unrealized needs,values and improvement opportunities that could be realized through public action.Policy problems are not out there,but are structured through steps such as problem sensing,problem perception,problem search and problem definition.Policy problem structuring is the primary stage of the process of public policy and the logic starting point of public policy analysis.However,public policy problems are complicated and interdependent,having the characteristics of subjective recognition and dynamic.Few policy problems are pure economic,technical or political,and a great many policy problems are ill-structured.Hence,only by starting from a multi-dimensional theoretical perspective,could it be possible to be studied and analyzed on every side.The main ways for public policy problem structuring include carrying forward information disclosure,optimizing expert consultation and expanding public participation,etc.