美国非物质产品生产部门利润率变动趋势及原因

The Tendency and Causal Analysis of Profit Rate Change in U.S.Immaterial Product Production Sectors

非物质产品生产部门是非金融部门的重要组成部分之一,对于美国经济增长和就业具有重要影响。近年来,美国非物质产品生产部门资本积累和产出在不断增长,但这种增长的背后却存在增长效率下降的问题。分析表明,1990—2011年美国非物质产品生产部门资本利润率下降主要归因于其资本有机构成的上升和剩余价值率的下降,同时也证明用资本价值构成变动代替资本有机构成变动的计算方法会导致结论错误。美国应通过产品差异化策略、减税、提高固定资本的生产效率以及降低劳动力成本等手段,扭转非物质产品生产部门利润率的下降趋势。

Immaterial product production sectors are one of important components of non-financial sectors and have important influence on economic growth and employment of the United States.In recent years,capital accumulation and output in immaterial product production sectors of the United States are increasing,however,there is a problem in low growth efficiency behind this kind of increase.Analysis shows that the main cause for the decline of capital profit rate in immaterial product production sectors of the United States during 1990-2011 results from the increase of their capital organic composition and the decline of surplus value rate,meanwhile,it is proved that the calculation method by using capital value composition change rate to substitute capital organic composition change can cause wrong conclusion,as a result,the United States should use the methods such as product diversification strategy,tax reduction,raising the production efficiency of fixed capital,reducing labor cost and so on to change the tendency of profit rate decline in immaterial product production sectors.