蒙古国草原畜牧业放牧模式分析与借鉴

On the Grazing Patterns of Grassland Husbandry in Mongolia

调查分析蒙古国放牧模式的若干案例后,发现其利弊得失。蒙古国放牧模式的优点在于,能均衡利用不同季节牧场,有利于草原的恢复,能保持"五畜"并存与草原生态多样性并存的耦合关系。依靠畜种和牧草的多样并存,既有利于饲草的均衡高效利用;又有助于草原生态的自我恢复。其不足之处在于,草原的所有权制度有待改进,畜群布局不合理,游牧距离较短。对中国草原畜牧业而言,其启示作用在于:有助于推动产权制度和放牧制度的多样化并存;有助于推动合作经营草牧场制度的创新;对抑制眼前畜种过分单一的不利格局,也有很好的借鉴价值。

The investigation of several cases of grazing patterns in Mongolia lead to the discovering that its pros and cons are different from Chinese patterns. The advantages of Mongolian patterns are the balanced use of different seasonal pasture, which is positive to the maintenances of grasslands for the coexistence between animals and the grassland ecological diversity. The coexistence of diverse livestock and pasture are conducive to a balanced and efficient use of forage as well as the mainte- nances of the grasslands. Its limits are mainly reflected in is that the grassland ownership system, irra- tional herd distributions and shorter nomadic distances. For the grassland animal husbandry in China, such patterns could provide valuable reference to the promotion of diversified coexistence of property rights system and grazing systems, to the innovation of co-operative system of pasture and to the devel- opment of livestock.