5"Introduction" to the Ransom of Red Chief & Other O, Henry Stories, Franldin K, Mathiews ed., New York: Doubleday,Doran & Company, 1921, p. xi.
6Eugene Current-Garcla, O, Henry ( William Sydney Porter), NY: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1965, p, 135.
7Eugene Current-Garcia, O. Henry-A study of the Short Fiction, New York: Twayue Publlshers, 1993. p. 79, p.156.
8Karen Charmaine Blansfield, Cheap Rooms & Restless Hearts : A Study of Formula ia the Urban Tales of William Sydaey Porter, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press,1988, pp. 108--109.
9Jena-Chriatopher Agnew, "Coming up for Air: Consumer Culture in Historical Perspective" in John Brewer & Roy Porter eds, Consumption and the World of Goods, London: Routledge,1993, p. 33.
10Andrew R. Heinze, Adapting to Abundance: Jewish Immigrants,Mass Consumption, & the Search for American Identity, NewYork: Columbia UP, 1990, p. 33.
