图与图学

Graph and Graphics

图与文字、数字一样,在人类的社会进步、经济建设和科技发展过程中起着不可替代的作用。但图与图学的定义与地位从历史和当前角度来看,仍是一个没有深刻和系统阐明的问题。现在的工程图学、计算机图形学、计算机图像学等各有自己的学科定义、定位以及各自独立的发展道路,但由于没有与图和图学相关联,致使这些学科呈现出某种分散性和局限性。从形(几何)的角度揭示图的本质,给出了形与图的科学表述。提出"大图学"概念,整合分散在其他学科中的与图相关的科学与技术。重新认识与定位图学的地位和作用,给出它的定位与定义,构建了图学学科的整体框架和三级学科分类体系。认为文学、数学、图学三者构成了科学与工程发展的基础,昭示了图学的基础性和重要性。

Graph plays an important role same as word and number in the advancement of human society and economy construction, and in the development of science and technology. But it still exist the problems of how to define and recognize the role for graph and graphics from historical and developmental view. At present, some disciplines, such as Engineering Graphics, Computer Graphics, Computer Images, etc., have their own disciplinary position and independent development mode, but these disciplines may have some dispersion and limitation, because they lack links to graph and graphics. This paper shows the nature of graph from the view of Shapes （or geometry） and gives the scientific description for Shape and Graph. The concept of ＂Great Graphics＂ is proposed to integrate related graphic science and technology scattered in otherdisciplines. The definition and position of Graphics are put forward, the disciplinary frame of Graphics is constructed, and the disciplinary branch system of Graphics is also given. Thus the Graphics with another two disciplines, i.e. Literature and Mathematics, forms a solid foundation for science and engineering; therefore the basis and importance for Graphics are clearly exposed.