明代两广总督府址变迁考

A Study on Site Changes of the Office of Viceroy of Liangguang in Ming Dynasty

关于明代两广总督府址及其变迁问题,学术界颇有争论。本文通过细致的考证分析,认为明代两广总督定驻梧州的时间为成化六年(1470年)而非成化元年(1465年)或成化五年(1469年);终明一代,两广总督府址经历了两次正式迁移,分别为万历八年(1580年)迁移肇庆和崇祯五年(1632年)迁移广州,并非有些学者所说的一次迁移或五次迁移,只不过在两广总督府址发生迁移之前,曾于两地分别设立过总督(提督)行台,以备总督不时巡行之需。值得注意的是,在万历元年(1573年)和万历二年(1574年),为了应对海防形势变化的需要,两广总督也曾先后临时性移镇惠州和潮州,虽然这两次临时性移镇不能看作是总督府址的正式迁移,但却透视出了明代两广总督府址迁移过程的复杂性。

The academic circle has so far been arguing about the site of the office and its changes of Viceroy of Liangguang in Ming dynasty. Through an elaborated analysis, this article points out that the establishment of the office of Viceroy of Liangguang in Wuzhou was in 1470, neither 1465 nor 1469. During the whole dynasty, the site of office changed twice, which happened in 1580 （to Zhao- qing） and 1632 （to Guangzhou）. The fact is that it did not just change for once, nor for five times, according to some scholars＇ assertions, simply because it was only the Xingtai that being established before site changes of Viceroy＇s office. What noteworthy is, in order to cope with the ever changing situation of costal defense, Viceroy of Liangguang temporarily changed his office to Huizhou and Chaozhou. Although cannot be seen official, those two changes reflected the complexity of the process of site changing of the office of viceroy of Liangguang in Ming dynasty.