朝鲜语-ni和-ni kka的语用差异

Pragmatic Distinction between -ni and -ni kka in the Korean Language

朝鲜语句子中,-ni属于传信范畴,-ni kka则属于情态范畴。-ni句在使用上严格遵循时间顺序原则,因句在前果句在后,顺序一般不能随意颠倒;而-ni k1a句语序则比较灵活。

In Korean sentences, the morpheme -ni indicates evidentiality, while -ni kka signals modality. When -ni is present, the sentential construction must comply with the principle of temporal sequence （PTS）, viz. the clause of cause precedes that of effect, and the causal sequence cannot be reversed. But the sentences with -ni kka are flexible in clause order. In political writings the use of sentences with -ni is more frequent than those with -hi kka, but there is no frequency distinction between the two in novels.