从自我到他人——黑格尔、胡塞尔从自我意识到他人意识的进路及比较

From the Ego to the Other——the Comparison between Hegel's and Husserl's Analysis of the Process from Self-consciousness to the Consciousness of the Other

自笛卡尔所开启的近代主体性哲学以来,"我思(cogito)"成为了获得真理的明见性的基石。但其中隐含着这样一个疑难,即作为思维之我如何能够确认另一个具有意识的他人的存在,而对超越于主体之外的他人的承认是走出唯我论困境并探索真理的存在方式的前提,因为真理是对每个意识主体来说的,唯一的个体没有相互承认的真理问题。因此他人问题具有与真理相关的存在论意义,只有在明确了他人意识何以可能的前提下,真理才会显现出来。黑格尔和胡塞尔虽然是从两个不同的哲学视角来分析由自我意识到他人意识的进程,并分别得出了"我就是我们"和"陌生他人"这样两个迥然有别的观点,但都是在自我意识内形成了对他人的存在论上的肯定,因而构成了对主体性哲学的继承与超越,并真正给意识主体敞开了"认识你自己"的通道和通往真理之途。

Since modern subjective philosophy that Descartes initiated,＂cogito＂ has become a footstone of achieving truth.But it implies a question how the ego can identify another being of the conscious Other.The recognition of the Other transcending the subject is the precondition for walking out of the corner of solipsism and seeking after truth.Hence,the Other is of existential significance related to truth.Although Hegel and Husserl analyzed the process from self-consciousness to the consciousness of the Other respectively from two different philosophical perspectives,they both existentially affirmed the Other in the sphere of self-consciousness,thus inheriting but transcending the philosophy of subjectivity and opening a way of ＂knowing the self＂ for the subject of consciousness and a road to truth.