梅洛-庞蒂对柏格森的自然观念的继承与批判

Merleau-Ponty's Inheritance from and Criticism to Bergson's Idea of Nature

梅洛-庞蒂与柏格森一样反对自然哲学中的二元论,主张寻求一种统一性的自然观念。在柏格森的生命自然观中,统一性通过知觉被原初地给予并借由绵延被确认;然而,在绵延之中存在着统一性与否定性之间的张力:否定作为绵延的中断将自然重新引向分化。梅洛-庞蒂继承了柏格森通过知觉理论所设定的原初统一性,但是他不承认柏格森认为否定所引起的悖谬与统一之间相矛盾的看法。面对自然中的否定性问题,梅洛-庞蒂批判柏格森所采取的实证主义的态度,主张赋予否定性一种实在的地位,从而实现了对柏格森的自然观念的批判性继承。

Merleau-Ponty and Bergson both oppose to the dualism and seek to the concept of integrity in the philosophy of nature.In Bergson＇s view of life and nature,the integrity is originally given by the perception and confirmed by the duration.However,there is a tension between the integrity and the negativity： negation as the interrupt of duration leads to re-differentiation of nature.Merleau-Ponty inherited the original integrity posed by the theory of perception as in Bergson,but he did not agree with Bergson＇s view that the absurd caused by negation doesn＇t conform to the integrity.Facing the problem of negativity in nature,Merleau-Ponty criticized Bergson＇s positivist attitude,and proposes enduing the negativity with a real status in the philosophy of nature,from which he eventually fulfills the critical succession to Bergson＇s view of nature.