不同初生重、饲粮能量水平和屠宰日龄对猪生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

Effect of Birth Weight, Dietary DE Level and Slaughter Age on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Pigs

本试验旨在研究初生重、饲粮能量水平和屠宰日龄对猪生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。选取20头正常初生重(NBW)和20头低初生重(LBW)的"长×大"二元杂交公猪,28日龄断奶后,随机分成4个处理,饲喂对照饲粮和高能饲粮(以10%猪油替代对照饲粮中玉米淀粉配制而成),并分别于154和178日龄屠宰。结果表明:LBW猪的ADG、ADFI显著低于NBW猪(P<0.05);高能饲粮显著降低ADFI、F/G,但显著提高猪的ADG(P<0.05)。LBW猪的胴体重、平均背膘厚显著低于NBW猪(P<0.05);高能饲粮显著提高猪的胴体重(P<0.05);增加屠宰日龄能显著提高NBW猪和LBW猪的胴体重、平均背膘厚,但显著降低NBW猪的屠宰率(P<0.05)。LBW猪的pH45 min、L值显著低于NBW猪,而滴水损失、剪切力显著增加(P<0.05);增加屠宰日龄能显著降低猪的肌肉pH45 min、剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、L值,而b值显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,初生重、饲粮能量水平和屠宰日龄对猪的生产性能、胴体性状和肉品质有显著影响;LBW猪和NBW猪饲喂高能饲粮其生长速度显著增加,胴体性状和肉品质也有一定的改善;且LBW猪较适屠宰日龄为178日龄,NBW猪较适屠宰日龄为154日龄。

The object of this study was to determine the effect of birth weight, dietary digestible energy level and age at slaughter on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs. A total of 40 Landrace ×Yorkshire crossbred barrow pigs （20 LBW vs 20 NBW） that weaned at 28 days were randomly fed with control diet or high-fat diet and slaughtered at 154 days or 178 days , 5 replicates per treatment and 1 pig per replicate. The results showed as follows： 1 compared with NBW pigs, the ADG, ADFI of LBW pigs was significantly decreased （P〈0.05）; the ADG of pigs that fed with high DE diet was significantly increased, ADFI and F/G was significantly decreased when compared with that fed with control diet （P〈0.05）. 2 compared with NBW pigs, the carcass weight and average back- fat thickness of LBW pigs were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）; the carcass weight of pigs that fed with high DE diet were significantly increased （P〈0.05） when compared with that fed with control diet; the carcass weight and average back-fat thickness of NBW and LBW pigs that slaughtered at 178 days were significantly increased, the dressing percentage of NBW pigs were significantly decreased when compared with that slaughtered at 154 days （P〈0.05）. 3 compared with NBW pigs, drip loss and shear force of LBW pigs were significantly increased, pH45min. and meat color lightness value were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）; shear force, pH45 min, drip loss and meat color lightness value of pigs that slaughtered at 178 days were significantly decreased when compared with that that slaughtered at 154 days. The results indicated that growth performance, carcass trait and meat quality of pigs was significantly influenced by high DE diet, birth weight and age at slaughter, the intake of high DE diet significantly increased growth performance of NBW and LBW pigs, carcass traits and meat quality were improved when NBW and LBW pigs fed with high DE diet; Moreover, the appropriate slaughter age for LBW pigs was 178 days and that for NBW pigs was 154 days.