新石器晚期祭祀彩石的多种谱学方法研究

Multi-Spectroscopy Applied to Study on a Late Neolithic Colored Stone from Yuhui Site in Huaihe Basin

作为"中国古代文明探源工程"在淮河流域确定的唯一一处重要的龙山文化时期遗址,安徽省蚌埠市禹会遗址出土了大量彩石,引起考古学界广泛关注。本文利用同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)、热释光光谱(TL)等多种光谱分析手段,并结合电子探针(EPMA)分析结果,对禹会遗址出土"红-黄"彩石不同颜色区域的元素、物相组成及经热历史进行了测定。结果表明,该矿石主体为褐铁矿,有大量石英夹杂,表层黄色物质主要为针铁矿(α-FeOOH),红色物质主要为赭石(α-Fe2O3+粘土+硅土);内部主要是隐晶质针铁矿,并含有一定数量铬铁矿、二氧化锰,及少量重晶石和金属铋。该类彩石并无人工热历史,应属于一种性质独特、地质起源复杂的多金属天然矿石,大量出现在新石器时代晚期遗址之中,可能与某种原始信仰和特殊祭祀活动有关。

The unearthing of a large number of red-yellow colored stones in Yuhui Site,Bengbu city,Anhui province of China,which was the only site of Longshan culture appointed by＂Origin of the Chinese Civilization Project＂in the Huaihe River basin,has drawn a widespread attention in archaeology.The present research was undertaken to examine elements,mineral composition and thermal history of one red-yellow color stone in different positions,classified according to specialized colors,by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence（SR-XRF）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,laser Raman spectroscopy（LRS）,electron probe micro-analysis（EPMA）and thermoluminescence（TL）.The results show that the main body of the color stone is limonite with a large amount of quartz inclusion.The yellow substances on the surface layer of the color stone were identified as goethite（α-FeOOH）,and the red ones as red ochre（α-Fe2O3＋clay＋silica）.The internal yellow brown substances inside the stone are mainly aphanitic goethite with a number of chromites and manganese dioxide,and also with small quantity of barite and bismuth.And the color stones are without historical firing treatment.These kinds of special polymetallic ores with unique nature and complex geologic history,which were unearthed in the late neolithic site with large numbers,may be closely related to some kind of primitive religious beliefs and special sacrificial practices.