高水平大学优势学科布局与选择的量化分析——基于中美两国29所世界一流高校的数据

Preponderant Disciplines and World Class Universities: Evidences from Chinese and American Top Universities

优势学科的实力集中体现了一流大学的办学特色和办学水平。基于中美两国较为权威的学科评估数据,就高水平大学学科水平与布局结构两个维度进行了深入的探讨。研究发现:美国高校相对更为重视基础学科建设,中国高水平大学的理科基础学科覆盖率比美国一流高校低12%,文科基础学科覆盖率低30%;美国一流大学应用学科出现频次最高的是工学,中国高水平大学最为青睐的应用学科是商学和法学;从校均学科资源来看,中国高水平大学优势学科、强势学科、顶尖学科比美国高校分别要低3.0个、2.5个和1.3个。在基础学科布局、学科厚度积累等方面中国高校还有较大的提升空间。

The strength of the preponderant disciplines reflects the power of a world class university. This essay conducts a two-dimensional comparable analysis of preponderant disciplines of 29 best universities in China and the United States. These universities essentially monopolize best resources and represent the highest level of discipline in each country. There is trend in subject comprehensive development in those universities. Although the discipline resources are more centralized and the subject setting is more characteristic in Chinese universities, universities in the United States excel in strength and basic disciplines.