警察维权困境与出路——基于合法性视角的观察

On the Dilemma of Maintaining Police's Rights and its Way Out-From the Perspective of Legality

警察权益受损可以通过合法性视角而得到观察。它是合法性形式规范结构体系不完整和实质指向发生偏差的综合反映,是制度化不力的结果。合法性困境的一面是警察权益受损,另一面则是公民权益受损。社会变迁加剧了这种局面,但也展示了变革的趋向。改变这一困境的出路在于制度化建设,其基本路径是:在价值取向上,公民权具有优先性,警察权威的树立应与公民权的保护相一致;在实践上,秩序具有优先性,公民权只有在秩序之下才能逐步完善,因而,警察权威的树立应先行。在此种格局下,警察权益受损是社会变迁的代价,其救济主要通过警察组织内部途径而予以实现。司法救济只能通过补偿警察作为公民权益受损而实现。作为公权的警察权益只有在公民权得到根本改善的前提下才能在司法渠道上得以实现,而这是一个长期的过程。

The damage to police＇s legal rights can be examined from the perspective of legality.It is a comprehensive reflection of imperfect legal system and improper direction and a result of incapable policies.The dilemma of legality involves two aspects,that is,the damage to police＇s rights and the damage to citizens＇ rights.The transfer of society has worsened the situation but showed the trend of reform.The way out lies in system construction.Its basic rules include： in the aspect of value option,civil rights have the priority and the establishment of police rights shall be in accordance with the protection of civil rights;in practice,order has the priority and the damage to police＇s rights is regarded as the expense of social transfer and shall be remedied via internal organizations.Judicial remedy can only be effective in protecting police＇s civil rights.