规模化蛋鸡场鸡粪产生量及堆积过程中氮素的变化特征

Trace analysis of the excretion amount and its nitrogen variation in the storage period in a large-scale layer farm

准确了解畜禽粪便产生量及其养分变化是畜禽粪便有效处理与利用的基础。以规模化蛋鸡场为对象,研究了产蛋期和生长期蛋鸡的鸡粪产生量、养分排出总量及其在冬春季节堆积过程中的养分变化。结果表明:蛋鸡产蛋期的鸡粪产出量为21.27 g/(只.d),为饲料摄入量的22.48%,氮磷钾养分总排出量为1.32 g/(只.d),为饲料养分摄入量的39.38%;生长期的鸡粪产出量为11.30 g/(只.d),为饲料摄入量的22.34%,氮磷钾养分总排出量为0.70 g/(只.d),为饲料养分摄入量的39.31%;鸡粪在堆积贮存过程中,堆积高度对氮素养分影响较大;鸡粪中的氮素形态主要为NH4+-N,并且易以氨挥发形式损失,冬、春季的氮素损失率均值分别为22.53%和19.49%;随着鸡粪堆积高度的增加,鸡粪含水率上升,全氮质量比下降,NH4+-N质量比上升,NO3--N质量比下降,氮素损失率呈上升趋势。

The paper is to introduce our trace analysis of the excretion amount and its nitrogen variation in the storage period in a large-scale chicken farm in hoping to improve the accurate monitoring of the amount of poultry manure and its nutrient variation.In proceeding with our analysis,we have investigated the excretion amount and the nutrient amount of the excretion for the laying hens in two different growing periods,in addition to the nutrient variations in two different seasons at a large-scale chicken farm.The result of our investigation prove that： in the period of laying,the daily average dry manure output and its nutrient（sum of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in dry matter） of a hen account for 21.27 g and 1.32 g,respectively,which take up 22.48% and 39.38% of the feed intake and nutrient amount digested from the feed,respectively.On the other hand,during the growing period,the daily average output of dry manure and the mean nutrient of a layer were 11.30 g and 0.70 g,respectively,which account for 22.34% and 39.31% of the feed taken and the nutrient ingested from the feed,respectively.However,we didn＇t detect any significant variation for the ratio of the excretion to the nutrient intake between the two growth periods.While tracing the chicken manure storage,we have compared the effects of the pile height on the nitrogen dynamics in winter and spring,respectively,finding that ammonium-N turns out to be the main nitrogen form in chicken manure,with far lower nitrate-N content than ammonium-N.Therefore,ammonia-N volatilization should be an important way of nitrogen loss.Besides,we have made clear that the total nitrogen loss rate of chicken manure stacking in winter and spring tends to be 22.53% and 19.49% respectively,whereas that of the total nitrogen loss in winter is found even higher than that of spring.With the increase of the piling height of the manure,we have found that there exists a rising trend of the humid content in the chicken manure with the loss of ammonium-N content and the total nitrogen in the manure,whereas the total content of nitrogen and nitrate-N reveals a declining trend.However,no significant variation has been found nitrogen loss if treated properly with the season changes and that of piling heights.